{ "schema_version": 1, "generated_on": "2026-09-27", "title": "Global AI Data-Center Coverage & Discovery Ledger", "purpose": "Capture 100% of the current Epoch AI AI-data-centers explorer dataset while separately identifying externally reported facilities and programs that may extend beyond Epoch's current coverage. This is a research coverage instrument, not a claim that any public source is a complete census of every AI data center on earth.", "epoch_capture": { "current_explorer_records": 93, "current_explorer_status": "100_PERCENT_OF_CURRENT_EPOCH_EXPLORER", "source_url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory", "source_updated": "2026-09-24", "accessed_on": "2026-09-27", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "note": "The current Epoch directory reports 93 results. Every current Epoch record is already preserved in data/external/epoch_ai/registry.json." }, "epoch_global_coverage_report": { "global_compute_coverage_percent": 44, "coverage_reference_date": "2026-09-09", "explorer_site_count_at_publication": 86, "source_url": "https://epoch.ai/topics/data-centers", "chinese_coverage_range_percent": [ 9, 31 ], "semantics": "Coverage is an estimate of cumulative AI data-center capacity divided by cumulative chip-owner capacity; owner capacity is extrapolated after the last Q4 2025 observation. It should not be interpreted as a global facility-count percentage." }, "current_epoch_normalized_field_coverage": { "records": 93, "address": { "captured": 80, "missing": 13 }, "project": { "captured": 64, "missing": 29 }, "investors": { "captured": 10, "missing": 83 }, "construction_companies": { "captured": 28, "missing": 65 }, "energy_companies": { "captured": 63, "missing": 30 } }, "current_research_state": { "track3_sites": 93, "research_tasks": 984, "publisher_field_tasks": 273, "domain_tasks": 711, "public_web_evidence_records": 316, "public_web_evidence_sites": 88, "remote_sensing_derived_observations": 408, "remote_sensing_sites_with_derived_observations": 68 }, "discovery_universes": [ { "id": "EPOCH_AI", "records": 93, "scope": "current Epoch explorer", "date": "2026-09-24", "role": "canonical current frontier-AI site universe" }, { "id": "AI_DATA_CENTER_INDEX", "records": 346, "countries": 64, "date": "2026-06-18", "role": "external discovery / independent comparator", "url": "https://aidatacenterindex.com/" }, { "id": "DATA_CENTER_INDEX", "records": 702, "countries": 64, "date": "2026-09-26", "role": "broader global data-center campus discovery", "url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/" }, { "id": "COMPUTE_ATLAS", "records": 2228, "geography": "United States", "date": "2026-09-25", "role": "broader US data-center discovery", "url": "https://www.compute-atlas.com/data" } ], "owner_coverage": [ { "owner": "Total explorer coverage", "coverage_percent": 44, "reference_date": "2026-09-09", "note": "Epoch AI published this as its estimated global AI-compute coverage when the explorer had 86 sites." }, { "owner": "xAI", "coverage_percent": 100, "reference_date": "2026-09-09", "note": "Equal by construction in Epoch's coverage model." }, { "owner": "Meta", "coverage_percent": 68, "reference_date": "2026-09-09", "note": "Epoch estimate." }, { "owner": "CoreWeave", "coverage_percent": 54, "reference_date": "2026-09-09", "note": "Epoch estimate." }, { "owner": "Google", "coverage_percent": 40, "reference_date": "2026-09-09", "note": "Epoch estimate." }, { "owner": "Amazon", "coverage_percent": 37, "reference_date": "2026-09-09", "note": "Epoch estimate." }, { "owner": "Oracle", "coverage_percent": 37, "reference_date": "2026-09-09", "note": "Epoch estimate." }, { "owner": "Microsoft", "coverage_percent": 33, "reference_date": "2026-09-09", "note": "Epoch estimate." }, { "owner": "China", "coverage_percent": 17, "reference_date": "2026-09-09", "note": "Epoch reports an estimated range of roughly 9–31% for China." } ], "candidate_records": [ { "id": "DCI-IND-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Adani & Google Visakhapatnam AI Campus", "country": "India", "region": "Andhra Pradesh", "capacity_mw": 1000, "status": "under_construction", "source_class": "first_party", "source_url": "https://blog.google/intl/en-in/google-ai-hub-scaling-indias-ai-infrastructure-and-community-impact/", "overlap_status": "likely_new_or_split_campus", "research_action": "Verify whether the gigawatt-scale hub is one campus or multiple counted campuses before promotion." }, { "id": "DCI-IND-002", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "NTT DATA / Neysa Telangana AI Data Center Cluster", "country": "India", "region": "Telangana", "capacity_mw": 400, "status": "announced", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=India", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Cluster/program; requires campus-level decomposition and primary-source verification." }, { "id": "DCI-IND-003", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Yotta D2 AI Supercluster", "country": "India", "region": "Uttar Pradesh", "capacity_mw": 250, "status": "under_construction", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=India", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Verify exact campus boundary, power scope and source date." }, { "id": "DCI-IND-004", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Reliance Jio Jamnagar AI Mega Campus", "country": "India", "region": "Gujarat", "capacity_mw": null, "status": "under_construction", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=India", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Capacity not stated in cited public index row; seek operator/source filing." }, { "id": "DCI-CHN-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Baidu AI Cloud Yanqi Lake", "country": "China", "region": "Beijing", "capacity_mw": 600, "status": "operational", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://aidatacenterindex.com/countries/china/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Cross-check against Baidu/Beijing source and Epoch coverage before promotion." }, { "id": "DCI-CHN-002", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Huawei Cloud Guizhou AI Data Center", "country": "China", "region": "Guizhou", "capacity_mw": 400, "status": "operational", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://aidatacenterindex.com/countries/china/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Seek Huawei/local-government primary source and establish campus boundary." }, { "id": "DCI-CHN-003", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Tencent Tianjin AI Data Center", "country": "China", "region": "Tianjin", "capacity_mw": 300, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://aidatacenterindex.com/countries/china/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Validate exact site and current operating status." }, { "id": "DCI-CHN-004", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "ByteDance Volcengine Inner Mongolia Horinger", "country": "China", "region": "Inner Mongolia", "capacity_mw": 100, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://aidatacenterindex.com/countries/china/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Check whether this is distinct from other Horinger entries." }, { "id": "DCI-CHN-005", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "DeepSeek AI Training Cluster", "country": "China", "region": "Inner Mongolia", "capacity_mw": 100, "status": "reported", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://aidatacenterindex.com/countries/china/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Treat as reported lead until primary or local planning evidence is found." }, { "id": "DCI-CHN-006", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "SenseTime Lin-gang AI Data Center", "country": "China", "region": "Shanghai", "capacity_mw": null, "status": "operational", "source_class": "first_party_public_sector", "source_url": "https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-Latest-WhatsNew/20240415/82400f77d757431699873ebff2bfc2d6.html", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Operational status and 8.1 EFLOPS deployed are publicly reported; MW remains to be established." }, { "id": "DCI-CHN-007", "record_type": "cluster_program_candidate", "facility_name": "ByteDance Ulanqab AI data-center expansion", "country": "China", "region": "Inner Mongolia", "capacity_mw": 5500, "status": "reported_pipeline", "source_class": "reported_secondary", "source_url": "https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3366220/bytedance-expand-massive-ai-data-centre-cluster-inner-mongolia-source-says", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Reported 5–6 GW cluster; not a single facility. Keep separate from facility census." }, { "id": "DCI-CHN-008", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Z.ai 1 GW AI data center", "country": "China", "region": "Unknown", "capacity_mw": 1000, "status": "reported_partially_online", "source_class": "reported_secondary", "source_url": "https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/artificial-intelligence/z-ai-finishes-building-1gw-data-center-in-china-with-chinese-chips", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Validate exact location, campus identity and operating phase." }, { "id": "DCI-MYS-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "ByteDance Johor AI Data Center", "country": "Malaysia", "region": "Johor", "capacity_mw": 500, "status": "under_construction", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=Malaysia", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Verify distinct site identity versus DayOne/Johor records." }, { "id": "DCI-THA-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "ByteDance Thailand AI Data Hub", "country": "Thailand", "region": "Thailand", "capacity_mw": 400, "status": "under_construction", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=Thailand", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Verify exact site, operator entity and source capacity." }, { "id": "DCI-MYS-002", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Oracle Malaysia AI Data Center", "country": "Malaysia", "region": "Malaysia", "capacity_mw": 500, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=Malaysia", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Verify whether 500 MW is campus capacity or broader program scope." }, { "id": "DCI-MYS-003", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "YTL / NVIDIA Johor AI Data Center", "country": "Malaysia", "region": "Johor", "capacity_mw": 500, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=Malaysia", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Resolve campus boundary and whether capacity overlaps another Johor project." }, { "id": "DCI-USA-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "AWS Pennsylvania AI data center", "country": "United States", "region": "Pennsylvania", "capacity_mw": 1920, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://aidatacenterindex.com/countries/united-states/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Potential overlap with Amazon Pennsylvania records; entity-resolve before adding." }, { "id": "DCI-USA-002", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Vantage Frontier Shackelford", "country": "United States", "region": "Texas", "capacity_mw": 1400, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://aidatacenterindex.com/countries/united-states/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Verify exact campus and build phase." }, { "id": "DCI-CAN-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Wonder Valley Off-Grid AI Data Center Park", "country": "Canada", "region": "Alberta", "capacity_mw": 7500, "status": "planned", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Large proposed campus; verify planning status, power scope and exact project entity." }, { "id": "DCI-UAE-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "G42 Stargate UAE–US AI Campus", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "region": "Abu Dhabi", "capacity_mw": 5000, "status": "under_construction", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Separate campus from individual 200 MW Stargate cluster and other UAE projects." }, { "id": "DCI-SAU-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "DataVolt NEOM Oxagon AI data center", "country": "Saudi Arabia", "region": "Oxagon", "capacity_mw": 1500, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://aidatacenterindex.com/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Establish whether 1.5 GW is full campus or phase/program capacity." }, { "id": "DCI-BRA-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Scala AI City — Eldorado do Sul", "country": "Brazil", "region": "Rio Grande do Sul", "capacity_mw": 4750, "status": "planned", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Treat 4.75 GW as authorized/planned campus scope, not delivered load." }, { "id": "DCI-FRA-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Mistral Campus AI / MGX", "country": "France", "region": "Hauts-de-France", "capacity_mw": 1400, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://aidatacenterindex.com/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Verify campus/program boundary and source capacity." }, { "id": "DCI-ROU-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Romania Black Sea AI Gigafactory", "country": "Romania", "region": "Romania", "capacity_mw": 1500, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://aidatacenterindex.com/", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Verify project entity, phase boundary and public source." }, { "id": "DCI-POL-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Microsoft Azure Poland Central", "country": "Poland", "region": "Masovian", "capacity_mw": 500, "status": "operational", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=Poland", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Likely cloud/AI-relevant rather than AI-only; classify workload separately." }, { "id": "DCI-GBR-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Microsoft Azure UK South Region", "country": "United Kingdom", "region": "Greater London", "capacity_mw": 500, "status": "operational", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=United%20Kingdom", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Likely cloud/AI-relevant rather than AI-only; classify workload separately." }, { "id": "DCI-BRA-002", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Microsoft São Paulo AI Infrastructure", "country": "Brazil", "region": "São Paulo", "capacity_mw": 500, "status": "operational", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=Brazil", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Verify whether figure is site-specific or program capacity." }, { "id": "DCI-USA-003", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Microsoft Goodyear AI/data-center infrastructure", "country": "United States", "region": "Arizona", "capacity_mw": 500, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?state=AZ", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Verify campus identity and whether 500 MW is full-build scope." }, { "id": "DCI-USA-004", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Microsoft Quincy AI/data-center infrastructure", "country": "United States", "region": "Washington", "capacity_mw": 500, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?state=WA", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Verify campus identity and AI workload designation." }, { "id": "DCI-SWE-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Microsoft Sweden Central AI/data-center infrastructure", "country": "Sweden", "region": "Sweden", "capacity_mw": 500, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=Sweden", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Verify exact campus and whether 500 MW is full-build." }, { "id": "DCI-JPN-001", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Microsoft Japan AI data centers", "country": "Japan", "region": "Japan", "capacity_mw": 500, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=Japan", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Program/campus boundary needs primary-source confirmation." }, { "id": "DCI-JPN-002", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "AWS Tokyo AI/data-center infrastructure", "country": "Japan", "region": "Tokyo", "capacity_mw": 500, "status": "tracked; verify", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects?country=Japan", "overlap_status": "unresolved_overlap", "research_action": "Classify AI-specific versus general cloud capacity." }, { "id": "DCI-USA-005", "record_type": "facility_candidate", "facility_name": "Meta Hyperion", "country": "United States", "region": "Louisiana", "capacity_mw": 5000, "status": "under_construction", "source_class": "secondary_discovery", "source_url": "https://datacenterindex.ai/projects/meta-hyperion", "overlap_status": "already_in_epoch", "research_action": "Already represented in the current Epoch/93-site layer; retain as cross-source corroboration, not a new row." } ], "candidate_record_count": 33, "promotion_policy": "No discovery candidate is added to the canonical Epoch 93-site mirror or the conservative large-load core without entity resolution, source-backed facility identity, a clear capacity scope, and a documented overlap check.", "limitations": [ "There is no authoritative worldwide census of AI data centers.", "Epoch's global compute coverage is a modeled capacity estimate, not a facility-count census.", "External discovery indexes have their own inclusion rules and may contain cloud programs, phases, power assets, or overlapping campus records.", "A candidate being absent from Epoch does not prove it is absent from the world, and appearing in a discovery index does not prove it is a distinct facility." ] }